Impact of 19th Century Gothic Revival and the Garden City Movement on Modern Design and Biophilic Philosophy

<p dir="ltr">The Garden City movement and Gothic Revival, two revolutionary architectural movements of the 19^th century, attempted to correct the social and environmental issues of the time. Gothic Revival attempted to connect architecture to culture and nature through traditional forms and methods of building. Whereas the Garden City movement attempted to envision a tranquil bond between urban life and the natural environment that would promote health and happiness. This research paper analyses the lasting effect of these movements on design practise in the contemporary world, particularly in biophilic design.</p><p dir="ltr">This study adopts a constructivist approach, helping to understand how the British public perceive the integration of nature and architectural heritage into modern spaces. Furthermore, the paper explores the social, economic, and historical environment in which the Gothic Revival and Garden City movements developed and examine their ongoing impact on modern architectural principles.</p><p dir="ltr">This research identifies key elements of these movements that shape biophilic design such as natural material usage, vegetation, and aesthetics as a whole. Taking a mixed-method approach, this research paper integrates both qualitative and quantitative data collected using questionnaires administered to a mixed sample of 33 respondents. The questionnaire includes close-ended, open-ended, and Likert scale questions to achieve a more in-depth understanding of the perceptions of participants on these movements and their application in modern-day design.</p><p dir="ltr">The findings from this research will help illustrate how the philosophies of architecture in the past influence contemporary design practice, particularly the formation of sustainable and health-promoting urban environments. How biophilic design elevates aesthetic merit and quality of life in the city of today will also be underscored within this paper. Quantitative data will be processed using Excel, while qualitative information will be understood through thematic analysis, giving an overall picture of the applicability of the movements to contemporary architecture.</p>