Pioneering Large-Scale Construction through 3D Printing: A Critical Review

The integration of 3D printing technology in the construction industry presents a change in thinking in the conception, design, and construction of large-scale structures. This paper provides a critical review of pioneering endeavors in utilizing 3D printing for large-scale construction projects. Drawing from extensive literature and discussions, we examine the multifaceted aspects of 3D printing, including materials, methods, case studies, structural performance, sustainability, challenges, and future directions. The review begins with an exploration of the materials and methods employed in 3D printing for construction, highlighting advancements in materials such as concrete, fiber, and composites. Case studies of notable projects, ranging from houses to architectural pavilions, are analyzed to elucidate design, construction processes, challenges faced, and outcomes achieved. Structural performance and engineering considerations are critically assessed, evaluating the mechanical properties, durability, and safety of 3D-printed components and structures. Sustainability emerges as a key theme, with discussions centering on the environmental benefits and challenges of 3D printing in construction, including waste reduction, energy efficiency, and life cycle assessments. The review concludes with an examination of the challenges and future directions of 3D printing in construction, identifying scalability, regulatory constraints, and technological advancements as areas requiring further attention and research. Through a comprehensive analysis of the literature, this paper contributes to a deeper understanding of the transformative potential of 3D printing in pioneering large-scale construction projects. Insights gleaned from this review inform ongoing efforts to advance the field of 3D printing technology and its application to sustainable and innovative construction practices. Furthermore, the potential outcome of this research is to leverage the insights gained to develop an in-house 3D concrete printer. This endeavor aims to utilize the knowledge and understanding acquired to construct a bespoke 3D printer tailored to the specific needs and requirements of our organization, thereby enabling us to explore novel avenues in large-scale construction projects.